The purpose of this research was to evaluate contextual factors affecting labour productivity on construction projects, and whether these factors differ based on construction projects, company or location. According to a report by McKinsey Global Institute (MGI) (2017), globally, the construction industry accounts for 13% of the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and employs 7% of the world's working population, making the construction industry one of the leading contributors to GDP (PWC, 2016; Barbosa et al., 2017; StatsSA, 2017). Barbosa et al. (2017) said that in the past 20 years the construction industry has had a 1% annual productivity growth globally. Durdyev and Mbachu (2011) argue that productivity outside of the contextual definition and clarity of the construction project's objectives is a complicated concept to understand. Construction and labour productivity are described as output obtained divided by input expended by Tran and Tookey (2011) and the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development ([OECD] 2011) respectively. While the Building and Construction Sector Productivity Taskforce (BCSPT) expand on this noting that productivity is the construction industry's ability to convert inputs into outputs (BCSPT, 2009). Whiteside (2006) proposes that labour productivity is the output average of direct labour hours to install a unit of material. However, Allmon et al. (2000) argue that labour productivity can only be defined when an organisation or the project has identified the base or norm of what constitutes labour productivity. This study agrees with the proposition raised by Allmon et al. (2000) because logically a base or norm will be required to know whether labour is productive or not. It follows that if a construction project commences without clarity on the expectation level of productivity or a standard for efficient labour productivity, there will be no knowledge of how the project has performed. Throughout literature, different scholars view
