Deception as a means to achieve surprise is a recurring theme in the history of warfare. Successful deception uses information to manipulate and shape an adversary's perception of the world to a viewpoint that creates an atmosphere in which the adversary acts in accordance to the deceiver's will. Deception is a complex problem that crosses the boundaries of several disciplines including sociology, psychology, and political studies. Today's information environment, however, demands a further examination of deception's relevance in the modern world. Given the technological explosion over the past two decades with respect to information flow and availability, certain questions arise. How do Information Age changes affect deception operations? Do they relegate deception to old world lore or does the increased access to knowledge and information increase deception opportunities and its effectiveness? In short, what effect does the Information Age have on the overall deception process and what are the ramifications for today's political and military strategists? In answering these questions, the deception process is simplified in a process model that encapsulates the core components of the information exchange and the interaction between deceiver and the target of the deception.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
