Synopsis "Typee. Omoo (in Russian)"

Geroj romana Tajpi, matros kitobojnogo sudna doveden do otchajanija zhestokim obrashheniem na sudne, dedovshhinoj i surovymi telesnymi nakazanijami, i reshaetsja bezhat', prihvativ s soboj prijatelja. Ponachalu, jetot plan druz'jam-robinzonam kazhetsja horoshim, no naprasno, ibo dlja pobega oni vybrali Markizskie ostrova, prekrasnejshee na Zemle mesto, kishashhee kannibalami. Osnovannye na sobstvennom opyte romany Tajpi, ili Beglyj vzgljad na polinezijskuju zhizn' (Turee: or A Peep at Polynesian Life, 1846) i Omu: povest' o prikljuchenijah v Juzhnyh morjah (Omoo: A Narrative of Adventures in the South seas, 1847), srazu zhe prinesshie pisatelju slavu (roman Tajpi byl samoj populjarnoj knigoj Germana Melvilla pri ego zhizni), harakterny uhodom v jekzotiku, polnym otkazom ot privychnoj dlja chitatelja dejstvitel'nosti. Melvill uvodit svoego geroja v pervobytnyj mir, k neisporchennym civilizaciej dikarjam Juzhnyh morej. Za uvlekatel'nymi sjuzhetami stoit volnovavshaja ne tol'ko Melvilla problema: mozhno li, otkazavshis' ot civilizacii, vernut'sja k prirode? Amerikanskij pisatel' German Melvill (1819-1891) rodilsja v N'ju-Jorke. Kogda emu bylo 12 let, umer ego otec-kommersant, ostavivshij za soboj dolgi i zastavivshij Melvilla rasstat'sja s mysl'ju o poluchenii universitetskogo obrazovanija. S 18 let plaval jungoj na paketbote, zatem nekotoroe vremja rabotal uchitelem; v 1841-m zaverbovalsja na kitobojnoe sudno Akushnet promyshljavshee v vodah Tihogo okeana. Cherez poltora goda plavanija, iz-za konflikta s bocmanom Akushneta Melvill vo vremja stojanki v portu odnogo iz Markizskih ostrovov sbezhal s sudna i okazalsja v plenu u tuzemcev, naseljavshih odnu iz plodorodnyh dolin ostrova; zatem byl osvobozhden jekipazhem amerikanskogo voennogo sudna. Jetot sluchaj i rasskaz o zhizni u plemeni tajpi leg v osnovu nastojashhej knigi. Posle trehletnih stranstvij vernulsja na rodinu, chtoby zanjat'sja literaturnoj dejatel'nost'ju. V romane Tajpi opisyvaetsja prebyvanie avtora v plenu u zhitelej odnogo iz ostrovov Polinezii. Melvill pokazyvaet nravy i obychai ljudej, zhivushhih v pervobytnyh uslovijah. Posle pobega iz doliny Tajpi, opisannogo v poslednej glave romana Tajpi, avtor eshhe dva goda provel v Juzhnyh morjah. Vskore po vozvrashhenii na rodinu im byla opublikovana nastojashhaja povest'; pri jetom avtor byl dalek ot mysli, chto ona dast emu vozmozhnost' obnaruzhit' mestoprebyvanie i samo sushhestvovanie druga Tobi, kotorogo on pochital davno umershim. Tem ne menee poluchilos' imenno tak. Rasskaz o prikljuchenijah Tobi sostavljaet estestvennoe prodolzhenie knigi i, kak takovoj, prilagaetsja k nastojashhemu izdaniju. V romane Omu rasskazyvaetsja o dal'nejshih pohozhdenijah geroja pervoj knigi Melvilla - Tajpi. Ochutivshis' na bortu anglijskoj shhuny, on vmeste s ostal'nymi matrosami za otkaz prodolzhat' plavanie byl vysazhen na Taiti. Nazvanie proizvedenija - Omu zaimstvovano iz narechija zhitelej Markizskih ostrovov, gde jeto slovo narjadu s drugimi znachenijami imeet takzhe znachenie brodjaga.

Herman Melville

(Author)

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Herman Melville (New York, August 1, 1819-New York, September 28, 1891)1 was an American writer, novelist, poet, and essayist from the American Renaissance period. Among his most famous novels are Typee (1846), based on his experiences in Polynesia, and the novel Moby Dick (1851),1 considered his masterpiece and a classic of world literature

Between 1853 and 1855, he published a series of stories in Putnam Magazine, most of which were collected in The Piazza Tales, including two of Melville's most important narratives: the story Bartleby, the Scrivener and the novella Benito Cereno. Also featured is the story The Encantadas, consisting of ten sketches about the Galapagos Islands linked by a single narrator. In 1857, The Confidence-Man: His Masquerade, also known as The Confidence-Man, was the last prose fiction work he published. Seeking financial stability, he abandoned writing, accepting a position as a customs inspector

In his later years, in which he also had to endure the death of two of his brothers as well as the death of two of his sons, Clarence, from tuberculosis, and Malcolm from a possible suicide, as well as the death of another of his sons at thirty-five years old, Stanwix Melville, he dedicated himself to writing poetry. Battle-Pieces and Aspects of the War, from 1866, is a poetic reflection on the Civil War and Clarel: A Poem and Pilgrimage in the Holy Land, a fictional epic poem, published in 1876. The novel Billy Budd, which he left unfinished and was posthumously published in London in 1924, is considered one of the most significant works of American literature.

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